Lake-Taihu Lake

Taihu

Source: Ministry of Water Resources website

     Taihu Lake is located in the southern margin of the Yangtze River Delta. It is also known as the Seismic Zone. It is also known as Wuhu and Lize Lake. It is one of the five major freshwater lakes in China. Its boundary is 30 degrees north latitude 55'40"-31 degrees 32'58" and east longitude 119 degrees 52'32"-120 degrees 36'10". It spans Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. It is bordered by Wuxi in the north, Huzhou in the south, Yixing in the West and Suzhou in the east. Taihu Lake covers an area of 2427.8 square kilometers, water area of 2338.1 square kilometers, and lakeshore line of 393.2 kilometers. The West and southwest sides are hilly and mountainous areas, while the east side is dominated by plains and water networks. Taihu Lake is located in the subtropical zone, with a mild and humid climate and a monsoon climate. Taihu River Port is vertically and horizontally with numerous estuaries, with more than 50 Main Inbound and outbound rivers. The Taihu Lake drainage system is leaking from west to East with an average annual discharge of 7.5 billion cubic meters and water storage of 4.4 billion cubic meters. There are more than 50 islands in Taihu Lake, of which 18 are inhabited. The water area of Taihu Lake is 2338 km. The crescent moon of the lake's surface shape instrument bursts westward. The lake shore in the southwest is smooth and circular, while the lake shore in the northeast is tortuous with many Lake bays and mountain beetles. The lake is 68 kilometers long and its maximum width is 56 kilometers. Due to sediment deposition and artificial reclamation, some islands are connected with the East and Xiting Mountains, while the nearshore islands are connected with the lake shore to form a peninsula. There are 48 islands, the largest area of which is the West Dongting Mountains, which is 75 K.

     Upstream water system. The catchment area of the upper reaches of Taihu Lake is 19,000 square kilometers. In ancient times, there were two major river systems, Tuixi and Jingxi, which have not changed much. The Tiaoxi River System originates from Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province, and is larger in the East and west. Jingxi river system originated from Yili Mountain and Maoshan foothills. It can be divided into Nanxi River system, Taoge lake system and Jiangnan canal system, and injected into Taihu Lake eastward. There are north-south dispatching channels among the river systems. After intercepting water to the north of the Jiangnan Canal and entering the Yangtze River, the area of the basin of the lake system in the western part of Jiangsu Province is 6081k.

      The main rivers of Nanxi River system are Xu River (formerly known as Xuxi River), Nanxi River and Nanxi River. Tonggucheng Lake in the west of Xuhe River connects Taihu Lake system with Shuiyang River system. In the Ming Dynasty, Dongba and Xiaba were built to block it. To the east of Xiaba, Wangjiadu, Hexinxiang, was located at the port of Wangjiadu, and Lingnan River, Liyang County, covering a total length of 30 kilometers. The Nanhe River, formerly known as Xuxi River, was also called Yili Canal during the Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was called Nanhe River. From Chunli to Yili in the west, it crossed Jiqiao River. It is 45.5 kilometers long. It is along Huimeizhu River, Daxi River and Lidai River (commonly known as Daibu River). Nanxi River crosses Jiqiao from Yili to Xifen through Xu, crosses Yixing County Town to Dongfen, and injects Taihu Lake into Dapu. It is 42 kilometers long, and successively joins Maoxi River, Taoxi River, Zhonghe River and Lihe River. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, four large and medium-sized reservoirs were built in the upper reaches of the Daxi, Daibu and Meixi rivers. Daxi River Shangcheng Daxi Reservoir (reservoir capacity 171 million cubic meters) and Qiansong Reservoir (reservoir capacity 15.96 million cubic meters). Chengshahe Reservoir on Daibu River (with a storage capacity of 109 million cubic meters). Shengcheng Hengshan Reservoir on the Meixi River (reservoir capacity is 102 million cubic meters).

     Taoge Lake is situated between the Jiangnan Canal and Nanhe and Nanxi rivers. The water coming from the eastern foot of Mao Mountain in the west is injected into Taihu Lake after the regulation and storage of Taohe Lake and Gehu Lake. Taohu Lake, also known as Changdang Lake, spans Jintan and Liyang counties with an area of 90 square kilometers and a lake volume of 100 million cubic meters. Gehu Lake spans Wujin and Yixing counties with an area of 164k_and a lake volume of 210 million cubic meters. There are mainly Tongji River and Beihe River in the west of Taohu Lake. There are Huangli River, Beigan River and Zhonggan River flowing eastward into Gehu Lake. In addition, Xiaxi River and Biantang River flow into Gehu Lake from the Northwest side. Out of Gehu Lake, Taige Canal, Caoqiao River, Yincun Port, Zhandu Port and so on are injected into Taihu Lake.

     There are north-south flood diversion, diversion, navigation and regulation channels between the various river systems. There are Danjin Cao River, Zhaocun River, Mengjin River and Wuyi Cao River between the Jiangnan Canal and Nanxi River. There are Xinhexi River and Xicao River between Taoge Lake and Jiangnan Canal.

     Downstream water system. Taihu Lake is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. It is the largest lake in Jiangsu Province. It was called Zhenze in ancient times and also named Li Ze. The southern margin of the lake area is located on the boundary between Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The Lake area is 2338k_and the elevation of the lake bottom is about 1.10 meters. The average water level for many years is about 3 meters and the lake volume is 4.87 billion cubic meters. At the water level of 4 meters, the lake has a volume of 7.3 billion cubic meters. At the water level of 4.5 meters, the lake has a volume of 8.525 billion cubic meters. In ancient times, there were more than 260 inbound and outbound rivers in Taihu Lake, with Baidu in Jingxi in the northwest and 74 in Weixi in the southwest, all of which were inbound and outbound in Zhenze 72 in the southeast and 18 in Wujiang River in the east. Due to years of siltation and artificial diversion, there are less than 200 Riverfront ports. Along the lake, Ditang was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Wujiangtang Road was built in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In 1958, part of the Taihu Lake Ring Dyke was built, and in 1977, the Taihu Lake Dyke (also known as the Taihu Lake Control Line) was renewed. Taihu Lake is surrounded by 410 kilometers of shoreline, including 350 kilometers in Jiangsu, excluding hilly areas, and 243 kilometers in length. It is divided into East and West dykes. The West dyke of Huxi is 58 kilometers long from Zhihu Port in Wuxi County to the west of Wuxing County in Zhejiang Province. The East dyke of Huxi County is 185 kilometers long from Liangxi River in Wuxi County to the east, along the lake to the south, across the Taipu River and across the boundary between Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province to Wuxing.

      In ancient times, there were Wusong River, Dongjiang River and Loujiang River in the lower reaches of Taihu Lake. They were collectively called the Three Rivers of Taihu Lake. They drained to the east, South and North respectively. Around the 8th century, the Dongjiang River and Loujiang River were annihilated one after another. Since the 11th century, the Wusong River has also been rapidly silting up, shallowing and narrowing. After the upstream inflow into the Taihu Lake, the Yangtze River was injected into the Yangtze River by flooding and spillover through the East Lake depression. In the first year of Yongle Ming Dynasty (1403), Fanjiabang was opened in the east of Shanghai County, connecting the Huangpu River and the Yangtze River. In less than half a century, the Huangpu River washed into a deep and vast river and became the main outlet for drainage in the lower reaches of Taihu Lake. The Wusong River was silted up as a tributary of the Huangpu River. In 1958, Taipu River was excavated to connect Taihu Lake and Huangpu River. There are three branches of Huangpu River above Mishidu, the north is Xietang, Sihe and Road Barrier Port, which are connected with Dianshan Lake; the middle is Yuhuitang, which is connected with Garden Xiejing; the south is Sigang, which is connected with Hangjiahu Lake. It is 113 kilometers long from Mishidu to Wusong.