Ancient Famous Water Conservancy Project--Hetao Irrigation District

Release time：2019-02-21 16:12:20 Click rate：1349

HetaoIrrigationDistrict Source: Encyclopedia of China Water diversion from Sanshenggong Junction of the Yellow River and self-flow irrigation project for irrigation of arid land in Hetao, China's largest irrigation area for the Yellow River diversion. Located in the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Bayannaoer League connects with the Ulanbuhe Desert in the west, to the outskirts of Baotou City in the east, to the Yellow River in the south, to the Langshan Mountain in the north and to the alluvial fan in the southern foot of Wula Mountain. According to historical habits, Hetao Irrigation Area includes three irrigation areas, namely, Baoertao Legai, Houtao and Sanhu River. The design diversion flow of the main canal is 565 m3/s, the irrigation area is 11 million mu, and the actual irrigation area is 7.22 million mu in 1987. In 1988, the supporting project plan of Hetao Irrigation District was put into effect, covering an area of 3.15 million mu. Evolution. Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia was founded in the Han Dynasty and is one of the oldest irrigation districts in China. After several dynasties of prosperity and abandonment, by the time the People's Republic of China was founded, ten main canals were formed in the irrigation area, with an irrigation area of about 2.9 million mu. However, because the main canal project was simple at that time, in the case of Self-diversion without dams, the Yellow River could not divert water in dry season, and the guarantee rate of irrigation was very low. Flood in flood season was uncontrollable, which often resulted in dam breaches. The problems of irrigation land salinization are serious due to the bending of irrigation channels, disordered canal systems and backward facilities, as well as the lack of drainage system in irrigation areas. General situation of the project. Since 1950, Hetao Irrigation District has been expanded and reformed. Firstly, merge the canals, adjust and merge the ten main canals and dozens of small canals that used to divert water directly from the Yellow River, and then build sluice gates to control them. The Sanshenggong Water Control Project of the Yellow River was built in the early 1960s. After the excavation of the main canal, the situation of multi-channel diversion without dams in history was ended, and the guaranteed rate of diversion in irrigation area was improved. At the same time, the irrigation canal system has been rebuilt, constructed and matched on a large scale. Since 1962, the backbone drainage works have been excavated and drained into the Wuliangsu Sea through the main drainage, which has begun to change the unreasonable situation of irrigation and drainage in Hetao Irrigation Area. Sanshenggong Water Control Project. Construction started in 1959 and completed in 1961. The project consists of 2100 m long earth dam, 18 barrage gates, 9 North Bank intake gates, 16.5 km long reservoir embankment, 3460 m long diversion embankment, and a hydroelectric power station with a total installed capacity of 2000 kW, as well as the south bank main canal head intake gate for Ikezhao League irrigation and a main canal head intake gate for Baoertao Legai irrigation area on the North bank. The project is designed according to 100-year once-in-a-flood and checked by 1000-year once-in-a-flood. The design discharge of the sluice is 6820 m3/s. The construction of Sanshenggong Water Conservancy Project ensures the diversion of water in Hetao Irrigation Area and the gradual development of irrigation agriculture. Present situation and prospect. Hetao Irrigation District has become an important commodity grain, sugar and oil production base in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 1986, the total grain output in the irrigation area was 575 million kg, sugar beet 515 million kg and oil 215 million kg. At present, the irrigation and drainage engineering system above branch canals (ditches) in Hetao Irrigation District has taken shape, the water conveyance canal system has gradually become complete, and the drainage outlet has also been preliminarily solved. However, the task of matching, expanding and field engineering of trunk and branch canals (ditches) is still very arduous; the problem of soil salinization needs to be properly solved; although the management of irrigation areas has been improved, the foundation is weak and needs to be further strengthened.

An article：Chinese Academy of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Sciences: China Water Conservancy: Today in History (1949-2010)
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