Ancient Famous Water Conservancy Project--Ningxia Ancient Irrigation District

Release time：2019-02-20 09:46:58 Click rate：1384

ancient irrigation area in Ningxia Source: Encyclopedia of China In today's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, it was founded in the Yellow River Irrigation Area during the Yuan-Shou Period of the Western Han Dynasty (122-117 B.C.). In that year, large-scale farming was carried out, "all rivers and valleys (water) were diverted to farmland". The Eastern Han Dynasty also developed water conservation and farming in this area. - Construction of large irrigation districts. "Wei Shu Diao Yong Biography" contains: in Fuping (now southwest of Wuzhong County), there is Aishan 30 miles southwest. The old canal diverts water from the south of the mountain to irrigate the farmland in Hexi. In the fifth year (444) of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Diaoyong was to construct a dam in the lower reaches of the old canal mouth by using sand bars in the river. The canal was opened forty miles, then the old canal was closed down and the irrigated fields were more than 40,000 hectares, historically known as Aishan canal. The Annotation of Shuijing records that the Yellow River diverts water from the lower part of the Qingtongxia River to the east of the river to irrigate farmland. In Tang Dynasty, Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area had thin bone-law canal, Han canal, Hu canal, Yushi canal, Baijia canal, Guanglu canal, Shangshu canal, Seven-level canal and Special Channel. Ningxia was once the seat of the Western Xia regime in the early Northern Song Dynasty. "Song Shi Xia Guo Zhuan" contains: today Yinchuan, Lingwu with Tanglai Canal, Han Yan Canal, no drought and flood worries. From 1032 to 1048, a 300-mile-long Li Wang Canal was constructed, probably the reconstruction of Aishan Canal. From Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty (1264), Guo Shoujing had restored Ningxia irrigation area. - The development of irrigation districts since Ming and Qing Dynasties. In Ming Dynasty, besides the old canals, there were Tiequ, Xinqu, Honghua Canal, Liangtian Canal, Mandara Canal (all branches of Tanglai Canal), Shikong Canal, Baiqu, Zaoyuan Canal, Zhongqu, Jiahe Canal (above in Zhongwei), Lingyangjiao Canal, Tongji Canal, Qixing Canal, Tiequ, Lingyangdian Canal, Liuqing Canal and Shengshui Canal (above in Zhongning). In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1708), the Qing Canal was opened to irrigate the Highlands between Tanglai Canal and Hanyan Canal. In Yongzheng four years (1726), Huinong Canal was opened. The water intake was downstream of the Hanyan Canal and the area east of the Hanyan Canal was irrigated. In the same year, the Changrun Canal was opened to irrigate the beach between the Huinong Canal and the Yellow River. The above three canals, Tanglai Canal and Han Yan Canal are the five canals in Hexi. During the Republic of China, Ningxia irrigation area was divided into Hedong District, Hexi District and Zhongwei and Zhongning District in the upper reaches of Qingtongxia Gorge. According to the data of 1936, there are nearly 3000 branch canals, the total length of the main canals is more than 2600 li, and the total irrigation field is about 18,000 hectares. The Qingtongxia Water Conservancy Project began to be built in 1958. After it was completed in the mid-1960s, Ningxia Irrigation District has developed rapidly. _______ Unique hydraulic and irrigation technology. Ningxia Water Conservancy has followed for more than two thousand years. The reason is not only the convenient diversion conditions of the Yellow River, but also the creation and development of a unique and complete set of water conservancy technology. In water diversion projects, the dam-free water intake is used, and the diversion channel is usually diverted by the overlapping long (dam) diversion channel which divides about a quarter of the river surface. The channel in front of the sluice is also very long, and there is a discharge weir sluice on the side of the river. Most of the canals below branch canals are diversion culverts or gates, which are called steep openings. Different elevation channels intersect to build wooden aqueducts, known as flying flumes. Flood discharge and drainage culverts across channels are called shady caves, underground caves or ditches. When canal dredging, it is often used to plug the canal mouth, that is, today's grass-soil cofferdam. When the project is repaired at the same time, the bedrock buried in the bottom of the canal is used as the standard for dredging of the canal. Water level is measured with wooden water. After entering winter, the canal mouth is blocked by cutting, which is called "rolling cutting". Next year, Qingming Zhengfu will repair the silt, while Lixia will withdraw the "boiling water". After boiling water, first close the upstream branch canal bucket to force water to the "tip" (canal tail), known as "sealing water". The upstream buckets only leave one or two cents of water, which is called "surface water". After the water reaches the tip, canals are opened from the bottom to the top one by one, and then the water is forced to the tip after the full irrigation, and a new round of sealing, surface and irrigation is carried out. Roughly from the beginning of summer to the beginning of summer solstice, two from autumn to cold dew, and three from winter to snow, to improve soil moisture and prepare for next spring tillage. Summer and autumn crops can be irrigated three or four times in time to achieve a good harvest, such as when the farmland is alkaline, sometimes in spring and autumn, or when rice is planted in three or four years, alkali can be washed once.

An article：
next one：Chinese Academy of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Sciences: China Water Conservancy: Today in History (1949-2010)

Home page About us Product Information Solution Recruitment Message Contact us

Jiang su Fang Yang Mechanical Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd.
Telephone:15380377877 Contact: Mr Jiang
蘇ICP備19050628號

YW193亚洲中文字幕无码一区,欧美高清久久久久久69,一区无码内射国产,精品欧洲AV一区二区三区