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The gate is used to close and open the control facilities of the discharge (discharge) channel. An important part of hydraulic structures can be used to intercept water flow, control water level, regulate flow, discharge sediment and floats, etc. The gate is generally composed of three parts: movable part (also known as gate leaf), buried part and hoisting mechanism. Door blades include: load-bearing structure, walking support, arm, hinge, water stop device, lifting lug, etc. The embedding part includes track, hinge seat, water stop seat, angle guard, etc. Commonly used hoisting and closing machines are: hoisting, hydraulic, screw and mobile machinery. There are many kinds of gate classification methods, including: 1. According to the working nature of the gate, it can be divided into working gate, overhaul gate and accident gate. The working gate, also known as the main gate, can be opened and closed in moving water. The overhaul gate is located in front of the working gate. It is used for short-term water retaining in overhaul of buildings or working gates, and generally opens and closes in still water. Accident gates are mostly located in front of deep-hole working gates, which can be closed in dynamic water and opened in static water when accidents occur in buildings or equipment. They are also called accident maintenance gates when they are used as maintenance gates. Accident gates which need to be closed urgently within a limited time are called fast gates. (2) According to the relative position of the gate top and water surface when the gate closes, it can be divided into open-top gate and submerged-hole gate. (3) According to the shape of the gate blade, it can be divided into plane gate, arc gate, miter gate, arch gate, spherical gate and cylinder gate. (4) According to the materials for manufacturing gate blades, they are divided into steel gate, cast iron copper-inlaid gate, wood gate, reinforced concrete gate and composite material gate. In addition, some gates, such as flip gates, can be opened and closed automatically by hydraulic means, which is called hydraulic automatic gates. Choosing gate form needs to consider its position, size, design head, operation conditions, manufacturing capacity and installation technology in hydraulic structures. It requires good flow conditions, tight water stop, small opening and closing force, simple and flexible operation, convenient maintenance, etc. Plane gate and arc gate are the most commonly used gate types. In working gates, arc gates are often used for large open-top gates and high-head submerged-hole gates, miter gates and cross-pull gates are often used for ship locks, and plane gates are generally used for overhaul gates and accident gates. In modern times, the materials for making gate blades are mostly steel, while reinforced concrete is mostly used to close the closure gate of the bottom hole of construction diversion by self-weight. In addition, the control device which integrates the door blade, the housing and the opening and closing mechanism in the pressure pipeline is called the valve.
Gates are installed in the openings of overflow dams, bank spillways, discharge holes, hydraulic tunnels and sluices to regulate flow, control water levels in upstream and downstream, discharge floods, remove sediment or floating matter, etc. They are important components of hydraulic structures. In sluice engineering, sluice is the main part, often occupying the majority of the water retaining area. The gate is divided into flat gate and arc gate.
